Widespread and Increasing Vitamin D Deficiency

the problem of vitamin D deficiency across the globe has not only been increasing but also has become widespread, with potentiallt severe repercussions for overall health and fracture rates, according to a new report issued by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) which was published in the Osteoporosis International scientific journal.

the skin mainly produces vitamin D upon exposure to sunlight. it plays an important role in the maintenance of organ systems through the influence of calcium and is needed for normal bone mineralization and growth. Deficiency in vitamin D leads to an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures, particularly hip fractures and, in severe cases, to the development of rickets which is a softening of bones in children that can lead to skeletal fractures and deformity.

there are several factors for decreased vitamin D levels, it includes old age, female, lower latitudes, winter season, darker skin pigmentation, less sunlight exporuse, dietary habits and the absence of vitamin D fortification in common foods. further more, it includes increase in urbanization, where people tend to live and work indoors, also cultural practices that ten towards sun avoidance and the wearing of traditional clothing that covers the skin. these are common in the Middle East and South Asia, and the severity of the problem arises from the combo of the said factors.

the report reviews the scope and causes of low vitamin D levels in six regions: Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, North America and Oceania. their findings suggest that prevention strategies must be initiated at the national level - partiuclarly given the increasing ageing of populations in many regions of the world. safe, limited exposure to sunlight and improved dietary intake of vitamin D, and considering fortification of foods are encouraged as a part of the national plans.